This site seeks to guide students of the Biblical languages to resources for study. You may suggest additional worthwhile materials via the email below.
Language Learning and Study Tools
[on YouTube] Animated Hebrew's alphabet song (my favorite) Web version of the song AnimatedHebrew.com (with more learning tools)
[YT] Hebrew alephbet to tune of English alphabet song
Erik's Hebrew, Greek, Aramaic Flashcards Flashcards usage demo Demo for quiz "Custom" Feature
Erik's Hebrew, Greek, Aramaic Flashcards (Spanish)
NOTE: Please feel free to send me links to your favorite flashcard sites.
Learn to Read Hebrew! (Tip: Click on the big "Start!" banner at the top to start the quiz.)
Mechon-Mamre's Hebrew .mp3 Recordings by Chapter
Chabad's Interactive Reading Practice
Hebrew Te'amim (Cantillation Marks), Demonstrated by Netanel Barak
Greek
[YT] Greek Course by Prof. Leonard Muellner (Playlist of 118 videos)
Hebrew
[YT] Hebrew Grammar I by Dr. Bill Barrick (Playlist of 23 videos)
[YT] Hebrew Grammar II by Dr. Bill Barrick (Playlist of 26 videos)
[YT] Biblical Hebrew Exegesis by Dr. Bill Barrick (11 videos)
NOTE: The "Aleph with Beth" Hebrew course materials are so extensive as to merit their own category. See below.
Intro: The following materials constitute a wonderful free course in Biblical Hebrew and are placed in the public domain. If you have difficulty accessing or downloading them from YouTube, a link to the lower-resolution format is provided here. To download, right-click on the "Watch/Download Here" link and choose "Save as..." or "Save link target as...". To download ALL of the videos, please use the torrent magnet links at the bottom.
Grammar of Hebrew to accompany video lessons. [Google docs] [PDF] [.odt] [.docx] [HTML]
[YT] Seven Tips for Studying the Biblical Languages
- 1 Hebrew - First Words - דְּבָרִים רִאשֹׁנִים - Free Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 1 [15:09] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 2 Hebrew - Plural Nouns & Adjectives - Free Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 2 [12:35] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 3 Hebrew - Review Game for Lessons 1-2 - Free Biblical Hebrew [3:33] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 4 Hebrew - Conjunction & Gender - Free Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 3 [12:07] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 5 Hebrew - First vocab in action - Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 3b [14:39] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 6 Hebrew - Subject Pronouns - Free Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 4 [5:38] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 7 Hebrew - Pronoun Practice - Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 4b [12:20] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 8 Hebrew - Review Game for Lessons 3-4 - Free Biblical Hebrew [5:08] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 9 Hebrew - Family Terms - Free Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 5 [15:30] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 10 Hebrew - Family & names bonus practice - Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 5b [8:41] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 11 Hebrew - Prepositions and Location - Free Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 6 [14:34] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 12 Hebrew - Bonus Preposition Practice - Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 6b [12:40] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 13 Hebrew - Review Game for Lessons 5-6 - Free Biblical Hebrew [5:01] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 14 Hebrew - Alphabet part 1 - Free Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 7 [14:46] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 15 Hebrew - Parts of the Body - Free Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 8 [12:48] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 16 Hebrew - Bonus parts of the body practice - Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 8b [11:43] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 17 Hebrew - Review Game for Lessons 7-8 - Free Biblical Hebrew [6:59] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 18 Hebrew - Good & Bad Things - Free Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 9 [11:27] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 19 Hebrew - Alphabet part 2 - Free Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 10 [20:30] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 20 Hebrew - Review Game for Lessons 9-10 - Free Biblical Hebrew [6:43] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 21 Hebrew - Construct forms - Free Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 11 [18:27] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 22 Hebrew - Practice with construct forms - Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 11b [15:29] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 23 Hebrew - Numbers 1-5 - Free Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 12 [15:54] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 24 Hebrew - Bonus practice with Numbers 1-5 - Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 12b [14:38] [Watch on YouTube] No local copy
- 25 Hebrew - Review Game for Lessons 11-12 - Free Biblical Hebrew [6:20] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 26 Hebrew - Alphabet part 3 - Free Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 13 [18:36] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 27 Hebrew - Nature and Existence Clauses - Free Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 14 [18:42] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 28 Hebrew - Practice with Nature and אַיִן & יֵשׁ - Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 14b [12:09] [Watch on YouTube] No local copy
- 29 Hebrew - Review Game for Lessons 13-14 - Free Biblical Hebrew [9:06] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 30 Hebrew - Geography and More - Free Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 15 [12:39] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 31 Hebrew - Alphabet part 4 - Free Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 16 [18:41] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 32 Hebrew - Review Game for Lessons 15-16 - Free Biblical Hebrew [8:01] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 33 Hebrew - Lamed and Possession - Free Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 17 [15:32] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 34 Hebrew - Children and Elders - Free Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 18 [12:52] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 35 Hebrew - Review Game for Lessons 17-18 - Free Biblical Hebrew [8:37] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 36 Hebrew - Alphabet part 5 - Free Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 19 [23:19] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 37 Hebrew - Aleph-Bet Hebrew Alphabet Song - Free Biblical Hebrew [2:12] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 38 Hebrew - Asher & Relative Clauses - Free Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 20 [13:39] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 39 Hebrew - Review Game for Lessons 19-20 - Free Biblical Hebrew [11:21] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 40 Hebrew - How to write the Hebrew Alphabet (Aleph-Bet) - Free Biblical Hebrew [5:33] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 41 Hebrew - Verbs come & go (qatal singular) - Free Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 21 [18:19] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 42 Hebrew - Say & Imperatives - Free Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 22 [15:26] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 43 Hebrew - Review Game for Lessons 21-22 - Free Biblical Hebrew [9:19] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 44 Hebrew - Possessive Suffixes 1 & Body Parts - Free Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 23 [16:31] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 45 Hebrew - Possessive Suffixes 2 & Family Terms - Free Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 24 [18:52] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 46 Hebrew - Her Ear, My Eye - Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 24b [16:52] [Watch on YouTube] No local copy
- 47 Hebrew - Review Game for Lessons 23-24 - Free Biblical Hebrew [9:59] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 48 Hebrew - Hear & Obey - Free Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 25 [17:51] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 49 Hebrew - Be & Beauty - Free Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 26 [20:15] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 50 Hebrew - Review Game for Lessons 25-26 - Free Biblical Hebrew [10:33] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 51 Hebrew - Give & Take, Silver & Gold - Free Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 27 [23:32] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 52 Hebrew - Marriage - Free Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 28 [20:14] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 53 Hebrew - Review Game for Lessons 27-28 - Free Biblical Hebrew [14:08] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 54 Hebrew - More Prepositions - Free Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 29 [20:50] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 55 Hebrew Psalm 125:2 תְּהִלִּים song - Free Biblical Hebrew [1:38] [Watch on YouTube] No local copy
- 56 Hebrew - Possessive Suffixes 3 - Free Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 30 [21:45] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 57 Biblical Hebrew - What is This on Your Face and Hands? - Lesson 30b [11:08] [Watch on YouTube] No local copy
- 58 Hebrew - Review Game for Lessons 29-30 - Free Biblical Hebrew [14:35] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 59 Hebrew Psalm 106:48 תְּהִלִּים song - Free Biblical Hebrew [2:09] [Watch on YouTube] No local copy
- 60 Hebrew - Numbers 6-10 - Free Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 31 [18:38] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 61 Hebrew - Prophets & More Verbs - Free Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 32 [24:15] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 62 Hebrew - Review Game for Lessons 31-32 - Free Biblical Hebrew [16:14] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 63 Hebrew - אֶת־ with definite direct objects - Free Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 33 [6:01] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 64 Hebrew - Truth, Lies & Imperative forms - Free Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 34 [17:49] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 65 Hebrew - Review Game for Lessons 33-34 - Free Biblical Hebrew [12:29] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 66 Hebrew - Fruit & Prepositions with Suffixes - Free Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 35 [22:48] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 67 Hebrew - More Bible passages - Free Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 35B [5:30] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 68 Hebrew - Flesh & Blood, Altars & Anointing - Free Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 36 [20:52] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 69 Hebrew - Review Game for Lessons 35-36 - Free Biblical Hebrew [19:32] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 70 Hebrew - Dead & Alive - Free Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 37 [19:17] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 71 Hebrew - Israel asks for a king - יִשְׂרָאֵל שֹׁאֵל מֶלֶךְ - Free Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 38 [21:24] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 72 Hebrew - Review Game for Lessons 37-38 - Free Biblical Hebrew [11:58] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 73 Hebrew - Strength & Wisdom: Comparisons - Free Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 39 [25:28] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 74 Hebrew - More Bible passages - Free Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 39B [9:39] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 75 Hebrew - Noah & the Ark: Categories of Creatures - Free Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 40 [20:07] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 76 Hebrew - Review Game for Lessons 39-40 - Free Biblical Hebrew [14:56] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 77 Biblical Hebrew - הַיֶּלֶד הַקָּטֹן - The Small Boy Story - Free Biblical Hebrew Easy Stories [3:24] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 78 Hebrew - Kaf & Similarities - Free Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 41 [19:19] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 79 Hebrew - More Bible passages - Free Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 41B [8:45] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 80 Hebrew - Light & Darkness, Morning & Evening - Free Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 42 [23:25] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 81 Hebrew - Israel asks for a king story - יִשְׂרָאֵל שֹׁאֵל מֶלֶךְ - Free Biblical Hebrew Easy Stories [4:06] [Watch on YouTube] No local copy
- 82 Hebrew - Review Game for Lessons 41-42 - Free Biblical Hebrew [13:54] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 83 Hebrew - Creation - Free Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 43 [19:59] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 84 Hebrew - Go out & lift up - Free Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 44 [25:38] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 85 Hebrew - More Bible Passages - Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 44b [6:57] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 86 Hebrew Worship - אֵל גָּדוֹל יהוה - Biblical Hebrew Songs [2:32] [Watch on YouTube] No local copy
- 87 Hebrew - Review Game for Lessons 43-44 - Free Biblical Hebrew [16:55] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 88 Hebrew - Verb Sequences: Vayyiqtol Forms 1 - Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 45 [22:16] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 89 Hebrew - Genesis Passages - Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 45b [10:11] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 90 Hebrew - Send, Messenger & Object Pronouns - Free Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 46 [21:21] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 91 Hebrew - The Creation Story - Free Biblical Hebrew Easy Stories [4:49] [Watch on YouTube] No local copy
- 92 Hebrew - Review Game for Lessons 45-46 - Free Biblical Hebrew [13:58] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 93 Hebrew - Food & Drink - Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 47 [24:24] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 94 Hebrew - 40 Days & 40 Nights - Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 48 [18:53] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 95 Avram, Beth, & the two jars - אַבְרָם וּבֵת וּשְׁנֵי הַכַּדִּים - Free Biblical Hebrew Easy Stories [2:21] [Watch on YouTube] No local copy
- 96 Hebrew - Review Game for Lessons 47-48 - Biblical Hebrew [14:42] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 97 Hebrew - Return & Fear - Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 49 [22:41] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 98 Hebrew - הַטַּבָּח אֲשֶׁר אֵין לוֹ מֶלַח - The Cook Who Had No Salt - Biblical Hebrew Short Stories [3:25] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 99 Hebrew - Places: Here & There - Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 50 [25:34] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 100 Hebrew - Just like Eglon did - כַּאֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה עֶגְלוֹן - Biblical Hebrew Easy Stories [2:36] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
- 101 Hebrew - Review Game for Lessons 49-50 - Biblical Hebrew [15:29] [Watch on YouTube] [Watch/Download Here]
More videos . . .
- 091 - The Twelve Spies - שְׁנֵי עָשָׂר הַתָּרִים - Lesson 51.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 092 - Vayyiqtol forms 2 - first person - Lesson 52.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 093 - Review Game for Lessons 51-52.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 094 - Going up & down - Lesson 53.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 095 - King Josiah Reads the Book of the Covenant - Lesson 53b.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 096 - David's Dilemma - Lesson 54.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 097 - Review Game for Lessons 53-54.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 098 - Cross over to the other side - Lesson 55.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 099 - Weapons & Warfare - Lesson 56.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 100 - Review Game for Lessons 55-56.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 101 - Strike & Fall - Lesson 57.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 102 - Bad News for Job & Davids Conquests - Lesson 57b.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 103 - Just like Eglon did - כַּאֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה עֶגְלוֹן - Easy Stories.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 104 - Directional words - Lesson 58.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 105 - Joseph's Brothers in Trouble - Lesson 58b.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 106 - Review game for Lessons 57-58.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 107 - Run to meet & Bow down - Lesson 59.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 108 - A Tense Reunion - Lesson 60.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 109 - Review game for Lessons 59-60.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 110 - Flee & Chase - Lesson 61.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 111 - Philistine Attack - Lesson 61b.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 112 - David & Goliath - Lesson 62.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 113 - Review game for Lessons 61-62.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 114 - Vayyiqtol forms 3 - second person - Lesson 63.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 115 - Sihon & Og - Lesson 63b.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 116 - Chariots & Horsemen - Lesson 64.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 117 - Review game for Lessons 63-64.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 118 - David & Goliath - דָּוִד וְגָלְיָת - Easy Stories.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 119 - Thus says יהוה - a brief history of Israel - Lesson 65.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 120 - Captains & Enemies - Lesson 66.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 121 - Review Game for Lessons 65-66.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 122 - Between Eglon & Zedekiah - Lesson 67.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 123 - Peace & War in the Land - Lesson 67b.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 124 - Killing in the Camp - Lesson 68.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 125 - גִּדְעוֹן וּמַחֲנֵה מִדְיָן - Gideon and the Camp of Midian - Easy Stories.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 126 - Review Game Lessons 67-68.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 127 - הָאִשָּׁה אֲשֶׁר הָרְגָה אֶת־סִיסְרָא - The woman who killed Sisera - Lesson 69.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 128 - Covenant & Seed - Lesson 70.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 129 - Intro to pausal forms & disjunctive accents - Lesson 70b.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 130 - Review Game for Lessons 69-70.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 131 - The woman who killed Sisera - הָאִשָּׁה אֲשֶׁר הָרְגָה אֶת־סִיסְרָא - Easy Stories.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 132 - Vayyiqtol forms 4 - feminine plural - Lesson 71.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 133 - Who killed that man - מִי הָרַג אֶת־הָאִישׁ הַהוּא - Easy Stories.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 134 - אַיֵּה הַכֶּסֶף - Where is the Silver - Easy Stories.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 135 - Verb Forms Summary - Qatal & Vayyiqtol - Lesson 71b.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 136 - Naomi & Ruth - נָעֳמִי וְרוּת - Lesson 72.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 137 - Review game for lessons 71-72.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 138 - More Parts of the Body - Lesson 73.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 139 - More Bible Passages - Lesson 73b.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 140 - Naomi & Ruth - נָעֳמִי וְרוּת - Easy Stories.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 141 - Lev - mind, will, emotions - Lesson 74.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 142 - Review game for lessons 73-74.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 143 - Participles 1 - singular - Lesson 75.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 144 - Participles 2 - in context - Lesson 76.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 145 - Review game for lessons 75-76.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 146 - Participles 3 - plural - Lesson 77.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 147 - Stand, Pillars & Gifts - Lesson 78.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 148 - Review game for Lessons 77-78.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 149 - Israel Crosses the Jordan - יִשְׂרָאֵל עֹבֵר אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּן - Easy Stories.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 150 - הַבְּרִית וְהַשֶּׁקֶר - The Covenant & the Lie - Easy Stories.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 151 - Participles 4 - 3-ה verbs & 2-ו verbs - Lesson 79.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 152 - Worship - Psalm תְּהִלָּה 118_26 - Barukh haba.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 153 - אַבְרָם וְהַלֶּחֶם - Avram & the Bread - Lesson 80.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 154 - Review game for Lessons 79-80.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 155 - Saul & David in the cave - Lesson 81.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 156 - Units of time and age - Lesson 82.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 157 - Terah leaves Ur of the Chaldeans - תֶּרַח יֹצֵא מֵאוּר כַּשְׂדִּים - Lesson 82b.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 158 - Review game for Lessons 81-82.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 159 - Numbers 11-99 - Lesson 83.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 160 - The Gift for Esau - הַמִּנְחָה לְעֵשָׂו - Lesson 83b.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 161 - The Firstborn - Lesson 84.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
- 162 - Review game for lessons 83-84.mp4 - [YT Link Unknown] [Watch or Download Here]
YouTube Playlist of Hebrew Lessons
1: Hebrew - One of the Flock - Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 101 [20:12]
2: Hebrew - The Israelites Ask for a King (version 2) - Biblical Hebrew Easy Stories [2:43]
3: Hebrew - Command - Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 102 [18:08]
4: Hebrew - Review Game Lessons 101-102 - Biblical Hebrew [10:38]
5: Hebrew - Noah the Righteous Man - Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 103 [23:16]
6: Hebrew - Tribes & Clans - Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 104 [19:00]
7: Hebrew - נְשֵׁי עֵשָׂו - Esau's Wives - Biblical Hebrew Easy Stories [3:04]
8: Hebrew - Review Game for Lessons 103-104 - Biblical Hebrew [12:18]
9: Hebrew - Twelve Stones for Twelve Tribes - Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 104b [4:18]
10: Hebrew - Inheritance & Tribal Allotments - Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 105 [19:09]
11: Hebrew - Full & Fill - Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 106 [20:19]
12: Hebrew - Ecclesiastes 11:5 - Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 106b [6:16]
14: Hebrew - Review Game for Lessons 105-106 - Biblical Hebrew [10:31]
15: Hebrew - Fill (Pi'el Verb) & Intro to Binyanim - Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 107 [21:27]
17: Hebrew - Making the Tabernacle - הַמִּשְׁכָּן - Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 108 [19:45]
18: Hebrew - Review Game for Lessons 107-108 - Biblical Hebrew [13:00]
19: Hebrew - 12 Stones for 12 Tribes - Biblical Hebrew Easy Stories [3:17]
20: Hebrew: Holy Things & His Holy Mountain - Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 109 [20:58]
22: Hebrew - Holy the Adjective, Meteg, Silluq & Hatef Qamets - Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 110 [17:57]
23: Hebrew - Review Game for Lessons 109-110 - Biblical Hebrew [9:29]
24: Hebrew - Don't do it! Negative Commands with אַל־ - Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 111 [20:55]
25: Hebrew - Do not fear, for I am with you - Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 111b [6:05]
28: Hebrew: Abraham and his Son part 1 - Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 112 [20:49]
29: Hebrew - Review Game for Lessons 111-112 - Biblical Hebrew [11:23]
30: Hebrew - Love & Hate - Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 113 [20:19]
31: Hebrew - יְמֵי חַיֵּי יַעֲקֹב - The Days of the Life of Jacob - Lesson 114 [22:15]
32: Hebrew - Review Game for Lessons 113-114 - Biblical Hebrew [9:38]
33: Hebrew - Alone & Together - Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 115 [17:53]
34: Hebrew: Near & Far - Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 116 [14:29]
35: Hebrew - Review Game for Lessons 115-116 - Biblical Hebrew [7:35]
37: Hebrew - יְמֵי חַיֵּי יַעֲקֹב - The Days of the Life of Jacob [11:17]
38: Hebrew - שָׁאוּל וּבַעֲלַת־הָאוֹב - Saul and the Medium - Biblical Hebrew Easy Stories [5:27]
39: Hebrew: Abraham and His Son part 2 - Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 118 [21:36]
41: Hebrew: Review Game for Lessons 117-118 - Biblical Hebrew [9:07]
42: Hebrew - Approach/Draw Near - Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 119 [20:50]
43: Hebrew - יוֹסֵף וְאֶחָיו - Joseph and His Brothers - Biblical Hebrew Easy Stories [3:17]
44: Hebrew - Veqatal 1: Future Sequences - Biblical Hebrew - Lesson 120 [18:08]
45: Hebrew - Review Game for Lessons 119-120 - Biblical Hebrew [15:49]
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BlueLetterBible (Classic) BlueLetterBible (Current)
[YT] Dr. Bill Barrick on translating "Yahweh" instead of "Lord/LORD"
- Dr. Bill Barrick's explanation of why BDB is an inferior source: [YouTube Link].
[Link to PDF Download] A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (based on Gesenius)
[Link to PDF Download] Diccionario Griego-Español DGE IV (βασιλευτός-δαίμων)
[On archive.org] A Patristic Greek Lexicon
[Link to PDF Download] Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar
[Link to PDF Download] Old Testament Exegesis: A Handbook for Students and Pastors
[Link to PDF Download] A Simplified Guide to BHS
Dr. Bill Barrick's Grammar of Biblical Hebrew (PDF)
[On archive.org] Thomas Lambdin, Introduction to Biblical Hebrew
Networking and Additional Resources
Jared Seltzer's WhatsApp group
Jared Seltzer's Hungry4Hebrew Youtube channel
Jared Seltzer's Hungry4Hebrew website
Michal Shmuel's website for Hebrew learners
Netanel Barak's website for Hebrew learners
Netanel Barak's Youtube channel
NOTE: Most of these passages will be compared against the KJV translation, but notable issues with other translations may also enter the equation. Unless otherwise specified, the KJV is the version quoted or in focus.
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Rashi's commentary on this verse, seen HERE, includes the following:
"If, however, you wish to explain it in its plain sense, explain it thus: At the beginning of the Creation of heaven and earth when the earth was without form and void and there was darkness, God said, 'Let there be light'. . . . Because, wherever the word ראשית occurs in Scripture, it is in the construct state. E. g., (Jeremiah 26:1) 'In the beginning of (בראשית) the reign of Jehoiakim'; (Genesis 10:10) 'The beginning of (ראשית) his kingdom'; (Deuteronomy 18:4) 'The first fruit of (ראשית) thy corn.' Similarly here you must translate בראשית ברא אלהים as though it read בראשית ברוא, at the beginning of God’s creating. A similar grammatical construction (of a noun in construct followed by a verb) is: (Hosea 1:2) תחלת דבר ה' בהושע, which is as much as to say, 'At the beginning of God’s speaking through Hosea, the Lord said to Hosea.' "
The first word, "bereshit" (בְּרֵאשִׁ֖ית), is in construct state. This is important, but most translators have just ignored it because they are confused by the fact that this construct noun is apparently immediately followed by a verb. The "absolute" noun of this chain, in this case, is not a single-word noun, but the multi-word noun which frames the entire idea of God's creation of the heavens and the earth. Remember, a noun can be a person, place, thing, event, or an idea. The "the" of "In the beginning..." properly belongs to the text because if any part of a construct chain is definite, the whole chain is definite.
Improved translation: "In the beginning of God's creating of the heavens and the earth,"
This leads naturally into the second verse, and at once solves the long-asked questions relative to the "when" of Creation.
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This is a case of improper vowels added to the Hebrew shoresh by the Masoretes, who were unfortunately influenced by the pseudepigraphical book of Enoch to consider this incorrect interpretation. The word "nephilim" actually exists elsewhere in the Hebrew text as "nophalim" (נֹפְלִ֖ים), meaning simply fallen ones. This variance in the usual vowels givent to the nun, peh, and lamed is seen only here and in Numbers 13:33--all other scriptures containing these root letters showing the meaning of "fallen".
Here are examples of texts which use "nophalim" (and note that these do not address "giants" nor any other mythical creatures):
- 1 Samuel 31:8 -- (נֹפְלִ֖ים) referring to three of the sons of Saul fallen in battle
- 2 Samuel 1:12,19,25,27 (verbal variant) -- 3cp form (נָפְל֖וּ) referencing Saul and Jonathan who had fallen by the sword
- 1 Chronicles 10:8 -- (נֹפְלִ֖ים) referring to Saul and his sons fallen in battle
- 2 Chronicles 20:24 -- (נֹפְלִ֥ים) referring to warriors of Ammon, Moab, and Mount Seir slain while attempting battle against Judah
- 2 Chronicles 29:9 -- 3cp verbal variant (נָפְל֥וּ), referring to fathers fallen by the sword
- Ezekiel 32:22 -- (הַנֹּפְלִ֖ים) [with definite article] Asshurites slain, fallen by the sword
- Ezekiel 32:23 -- (נֹפְלִ֣ים) all of them [Asshurites] fallen by the sword
- Ezekiel 32:24 -- (הַנֹּפְלִ֨ים) [again with definite article]
- Ezekiel 32:27 -- (נֹפְלִ֖ים) the mighty of the uncircumcised, who are fallen
NOTE: Many other variants exist which are not listed, including hundreds of singular forms. The shoresh (nun, peh, lamed) means "fell/fall".
Improved translation: "There were fallen ones in the earth in those days; and also after that, when the sons of God came in unto the daughters of men, and they bare children to them, the same became mighty men which were of old, men of renown."
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This text is terribly misdirected in some translations as having a sexual connotation not present in the Hebrew. Some translations, including to languages other than English (e.g. Lao RV 2015 and Thai ERV), represent Sarah as saying she was too old to have sex and/or sexual pleasure anymore! However, there is no connection in the Hebrew to sex at all.
The KJV correctly translates without inserting a nuance that is not there. The "pleasure" Sarah references must surely be that of the happiness she would have in bearing and holding a child.
Even the Chinese Union Version (CUV) has this as: "Sarah snickered in her heart and said, How can this joyous event be possible, since I am failing and my lord is old?" (Courtesy of Google Translate)
There is a considerable difference between a "joyous event" and "sexual pleasure"!
Other translations insert things which, while perhaps more accurate to the context, are nonetheless likewise absent in the Hebrew text, such as the Thai NTV stating "too old to have a child." The word "child" is not in the original text.
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"And I appeared unto Abraham, unto Isaac, and unto Jacob, by the name of God Almighty, but by my name JEHOVAH was I not known to them." (KJV)
...so reads the verse in translation!
In actual fact, the translation error here causes the meaning to be the exact opposite of the correct interpretation. God was speaking to Moses here saying that his name "Yahweh" (KJV: Jehovah) was known to the Patriarchs. This is a case of translational bias due to scholarly assumptions.
The four-letter "Tetragrammaton," generally represented in English as "YHWH", actually does not contain four consonants. In the time of Moses, as with virtually all Hebrew word roots, it contained just three consonants, "YHW". The final "H" (heh) in Hebrew was added to the text some time during the First Temple Period, i.e. during the times of the kings of Israel and Judah. The addition served as a "matres lectionis" (so-called "reading mothers") vowel, helping the reader to know how the word should be pronounced (more evidence to show the name was not always considered ineffable). Like the word "Hannah", in which the first "H" is a consonant and the last serves a vowel function, the Tetragrammaton has two "heh" letters, the first being a consonant and the last a vowel.
But the important point in this explanation is simple: Moses would not have written the final "heh" in the word!
When Hebrew scholars see a "heh" suffix on a word in Hebrew, it can have more than one possible function. It can be a "directional 'heh'", indicating something is faced or moving toward something else. It can be a pronominal "heh", indicating a feminine object. It can be a "matres lectionis", if the writing is from the First Temple Period era or beyond. Or it can serve several prefix functions as well if found at the beginning of a word.
One problem with the text of Exodus is that word spacing was not yet well-defined. The "heh" might belong to the following word, and not be part of the "YHWH" at all!
Those interpreting the "heh" as a matres lectionis vowel in Exodus 6:3 are making one big assumption: that the scribes later added this while copying. Hebrew scholars well know that Moses would not have written it as part of the name. But is this assumption valid?
The "heh", if placed before the next word, would have an interrogative function--called the interrogative "heh". Like in Spanish, where a question, even one beginning mid-sentence, is preceded by an upside-down question mark to mark the beginning of the interrogative clause, Hebrew used the "heh" to mark the beginning of a question.
We know that the name "Yahweh" was actually known to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. How? Consider the following:
"And Abraham called the name of that place Jehovahjireh: as it is said to this day, In the mount of the LORD it shall be seen." (Genesis 22:14, KJV)
Genesis 22:14 uses the same name, with Abraham having named a place inclusive of God's name. He knew the name. Translating as if he did not know the name, therefore, introduces a contradiction in the scriptures.
However, translating Exodus 6:3 to include an interrogative clause reverses its meaning.
"And I appeared unto Abraham, unto Isaac, and unto Jacob, by the name of God Almighty, and by my name JEHOVAH was I not known to them?" (retranslated)
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This is a case of mistranslation. The Hebrew verb "ratsach" (רְצָֽ֖ח) [Strong's H7523] addresses murder; whereas a number of translations have incorrectly rendered it as "kill." Hebrew has multiple other words which could apply to kill, execute, put to death, etc., but the word "ratsach" properly means murder--the unjust killing of another.
The Bible defines what constitutes "murder" as opposed to, for example, involuntary manslaughter, in Numbers 35. Murderers were to be put to death; whereas those convicted of accidental manslaughter were required to remain in a city of refuge until the death of the high priest--essentially a prison sentence. This put a difference between the act of killing and the act of murder. In fact, there were cases where killing was required by God's law.
For example: "And if a woman approach unto any beast, and lie down thereto, thou shalt kill the woman, and the beast: they shall surely be put to death; their blood shall be upon them." (Leviticus 20:16)
In Leviticus 20:16, where killing is required as a punishment for sin, the verb translated as "kill" is "harag" (הָרַג) and the verb rendered as "put to death" is "muwth" (מוּת). These verbs can denote killing, destroying, slaying, etc., but should not be confused with "murder."
Unfortunately, with the KJV translation (and some other translations as well), the statement "Thou shalt not kill" creates an unwarranted contradiction in the Bible when afterward it is seen that God has commanded killing. In the Hebrew, different verbs are used, removing this contradiction, with one possible exception, depending on interpretation of the Hebrew grammar: Numbers 35:30.
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This is a case of improper vowels added to the Hebrew shoresh by the Masoretes, who were unfortunately influenced by the pseudepigraphical book of Enoch to consider this incorrect interpretation. The word "nephilim" actually exists elsewhere in the Hebrew text as "nophalim" (נֹפְלִ֖ים), meaning simply fallen ones. This variance in the usual vowels givent to the nun, peh, and lamed is seen only here and in Genesis 6:4--all other scriptures containing these root letters showing the meaning of "fallen".
Here are examples of texts which use "nophalim" (and note that these do not address "giants" nor any other mythical creatures):
- 1 Samuel 31:8 -- (נֹפְלִ֖ים) referring to three of the sons of Saul fallen in battle
- 2 Samuel 1:12,19,25,27 (verbal variant) -- 3cp form (נָפְל֖וּ) referencing Saul and Jonathan who had fallen by the sword
- 1 Chronicles 10:8 -- (נֹפְלִ֖ים) referring to Saul and his sons fallen in battle
- 2 Chronicles 20:24 -- (נֹפְלִ֥ים) referring to warriors of Ammon, Moab, and Mount Seir slain while attempting battle against Judah
- 2 Chronicles 29:9 -- 3cp verbal variant (נָפְל֥וּ), referring to fathers fallen by the sword
- Ezekiel 32:22 -- (הַנֹּפְלִ֖ים) [with definite article] Asshurites slain, fallen by the sword
- Ezekiel 32:23 -- (נֹפְלִ֣ים) all of them [Asshurites] fallen by the sword
- Ezekiel 32:24 -- (הַנֹּפְלִ֨ים) [again with definite article]
- Ezekiel 32:27 -- (נֹפְלִ֖ים) the mighty of the uncircumcised, who are fallen
NOTE: Many other variants exist which are not listed, including hundreds of singular forms. The shoresh (nun, peh, lamed) means "fell/fall".
Improved translation: "And there we saw the fallen ones, the sons of Anak, which come of the fallen ones: and we were in our own sight as grasshoppers, and so we were in their sight."
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There is a puzzle with the grammar of Psalm 45:6, in the Hebrew, which is later quoted in Hebrews 1:8. Neither this Hebrew text nor the Greek quote of it contain a verb. But students of Hebrew know about nominal sentences by which a verb of being is implied--and such occurs here.
The first word has a pronominal suffix. This does two things to this noun: 1) It puts it into "construct state"; and 2) it makes it "definite."
The construct state followed by the absolute state implies a construct chain. However, a nominal sentence is indicated when there is an inequality in definiteness. Both of these criteria are met in the first two words of this verse.
Interestingly, the absolute noun which follows the construct noun is "elohim," which some take to be a name of God (I disagree). Names do not, and supposedly cannot, take the definite article, as they are already considered "definite." "Elohim" not infrequently appears as "ha-elohim"; yet in this verse it is not preceded by the article. This, coupled with the definiteness of the preceding word, implies a nominal sentence--as also indicated by some of the interlinear Bibles. In fact, even if "elohim" were understood to be a name, and therefore "definite," it would still be unequal to the definiteness of the preceding pronoun because pronouns are highly definite (some might say "most definite").
The dual construct-chain and nominal-sentence construction is unusual in Hebrew, but far from non-existent. In most other passages where this phenomenon occurs, the translators have correctly put them together, yet here they stumbled, likely on account of their theological bias.
Here are some other passages where the nominal sentence and construct chain are combined:
- Leviticus 27:3 -- Construct+nominal sentence "is of the male"; but not worded this way in all translations: see rendering of AMP, LSB, NASB, and NKJV
- Developing....
Improved translation: "Thy throne is of God, for ever and ever: the sceptre of thy kingdom is a right sceptre."
NOTES: Psalm 7:10 has the nominal-construct form but with the explicit addition of the preposition.
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This verse has no verb at all in the Greek text, seemingly quite unusual for Greek. This anomaly originates, however, in the Hebrew language, because the writer of Hebrews is quoting directly from Psalm 45:6(7). Hebrew scholars are well familiar with the nominal sentence in which a verb of being is implied. The writer of Hebrews, almost certainly a Hebrew speaker, felt no need of altering the familiar, "verbless" wording or grammar, even while translating it to Greek.
Notice also that, neither in Hebrew nor in Greek, is the vocative unambiguously present here for the word elohim/theos. The noun is in ordinary form, and translators have judged it to be vocative based on their understanding of the context. However, they missed a key grammatical feature of the Hebrew text from which this verse is quoted, namely the nominal sentence and verb placement--please refer to the explanation for Psalm 45:6(7) for details.
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More details . . . coming soon!